The museum has been operating since 1967. At that time, it was located in the building of the Haji Myalik Mosque, located in the center of Turkmenabat. Its new building was opened with the blessing of the respected President Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedov on September 15, 2011. The museum sections are equipped with equipment for simultaneous translation. The Independence section displays information related to the political life of the velayat, photographs, records, various valuables and scientific information about them. The storage facilities contain more than 20 thousand exhibits.

The ethnography section displays material and cultural values related to the ancient way of life of the people. The exhibition includes display cases covering agriculture, livestock breeding, crafts, weaving and the Eastern Bazaar, located on the route that existed for thousands of years of the Great Silk Road. Of great interest to museum visitors are jewelry, carpets, copper, clay and wooden utensils, national clothing made of keteni fabric, beautiful patterns on it, women's capes, musical instruments, and tools. The nature section reveals the features of the flora and fauna of the Repetek, Amu Darya and Koytendag reserves of the Lebap velayat. A special exhibit of the museum is a stone footprint of a dinosaur 150 million years old, taken from the village of Khodzhapil. The archeology section provides interesting information about the city of Amul, the mausoleums of Astanababa, Alamberdar, the madrasah of Idrisbaba, the caravanserai of Daikhatun, the monument of Dargangala and shows ceramic products, clay female figurines, remains of ivory and hums.